TY  - JOUR
ID  - bulling09_jaise
T1  - Wearable EOG goggles: Seamless sensing and context-awareness in everyday environments
A1  - Bulling, Andreas
A1  - Roggen, Daniel
A1  - Tröster, Gerhard
JA  - Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
Y1  - 2009
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
SP  - 157
EP  - 171
SN  - 1876-1364
M2  - doi: 10.3233/AIS-2009-0020
KW  - Activity Recognition
KW  - Context-awareness
KW  - Electrooculography (EOG)
KW  - Human-Computer  Interaction (HCI)
KW  - Wearable Eye Tracking
N2  - In this article we introduce the analysis of eye motion as a new input modality for activity recognition, context-awareness and mobile HCI applications. We describe a novel embedded eye tracker that, in contrast to common systems using video cameras, relies on Electrooculography (EOG). This self-contained wearable device consists of goggles with dry electrodes integrated into the frame and a small pocket-worn component with a DSP for real-time EOG signal processing. It can store data locally for long-term recordings or stream processed EOG signals to a remote device over Bluetooth. We show how challenges associated with wearability, eye motion analysis and signal artefacts caused by physical activity can be addressed with a combination of a special mechanical design, optimised algorithms for eye movement detection and adaptive signal processing. In two case studies, we demonstrate that EOG is a suitable measurement technique for the recognition of reading activity and eye-based human-computer interaction. Eventually, wearable EOG goggles may pave the way for seamless eye movement analysis and new forms of context-awareness not possible today.
ER  -